补充一些免疫学方面的词汇（与肝病有关）：
natural killer cells 自然杀伤细胞，NK细胞
dendritic cells 树突状细胞，DC
B lymphocytes B淋巴细胞
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand 肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体，TRAIL
death receptor 死亡受体，DR
decoy receptor 诱骗受体，DcR
innate immunity 固有免疫
adaptive immunity 适应性免疫
natural immunity 天然免疫
specific immunity 特异性免疫
acquired immunity 获得性免疫
immunological tolerance 免疫耐受
vaccine 疫苗
live-attenuated vaccine 减毒活疫苗
artificial active immunity 人工主动免疫
antigen 抗原
antigenic determinant 抗原决定簇
epitope 表位
immunogenicity 免疫原性
immunoreactivity 免疫反应性
antibody 抗体
antitoxin 抗毒素
artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫
humoral immunity 体液免疫
cellular immunity 细胞免疫
monoclonal antibody, mAb 单克隆抗体
autoimmune disease,AID 自身免疫病
immune defense 免疫防御
immune homeostasis 免疫自稳
immune surveillance 免疫监视
killer activating receptor, KAR 杀伤细胞活化受体
killer inhibitory receptor, KIR 杀伤细胞抑制受体
immune response 免疫应答
extrinsic pathway 外源性通路
death receptor pathway 死亡受体通路
intrinsic pathway 内源性通路
mitochondrial pathway 线粒体通路
5'-nucleotidase 5'-核苷酸酶
acute rejection 急性排斥
acute-on-chronic 慢加急
adenosine deaminase,ADA 腺苷脱氨酶
alcohol withdrawal syndrome,AWS 戒酒综合征
aldose reductase 醛糖还原酶
aminotransferase 转氨酶
angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibtor,ACEI 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂
anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibody 抗肝肾微粒体抗体
antioncogene 抗癌基因
antisense oligonucleotide,ASON 反义寡核苷酸
antisense strand 反义链,反意义链
apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白
apoptosis 细胞凋亡
apoptotic body 凋亡小体
arginine vasopressin,AVP 精氨酸[血管]升压素
arterial ketone body ratio,AKBR 动脉血酮体比
arteriohepatic dysplasia syndrome 动脉肝脏发育异常综合征,Allagille's综合症
asterixis 扑翼性震颤,姿势保持不能
atransferrinemia 无转铁蛋白血症
atrial natriuretic factor,ANF 心房钠尿因子,心钠素
backward flow theory 后向血流学说
bacterial liver abscess 细菌性肝脓肿
benign postoperation intrahepatic cholestasis 良性术后肝内胆汁淤积
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis,BRIC 良性复发性肝内胆汁淤积
bile acids 胆汁酸
bile pigment 胆色素
bile salt dependent bile flow,BSDF 胆盐依赖胆汁流
bile salt independent bile flow,BSIF 非胆盐依赖胆汁流
bile salt 胆汁盐,胆盐,胆汁酸盐
bile 胆汁
bilin 后胆色素,胆素
bilinogen enterohepatic circulation 胆素原肠肝循环
bilinogen 胆素原
bilirubin 胆红素(质)
biliverdin 胆绿素
biliverdinreductase 胆绿素还原酶
biopsy gun 活检枪
biotransformation 生物转化
brainstem auditory evoked potential,BAEP 脑干听觉诱发电位
cadherin 钙粘蛋白
capacity-limited drugs 能力限定性药物
capsid protein 衣壳蛋白
carbon monoxide,CO 一氧化碳
cavernous hemangioma of the liver,CHL 肝海绵状血管瘤
cell free molecular cloning 无细胞的分子克隆
chenodeoxycholic,CDCA 鹅脱氧胆酸
cholangiocellular carcinoma 胆管细胞癌
cholangiohepato-adenoma 胆管肝细胞腺瘤
cholangitis stage 胆管炎期
cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase 胆固醇7α-羟化酶
cholic acid,CA 胆酸
cholineacetylase,ChE 胆碱乙酰酯酶
chondroitin 软骨素
chromosome translocation 染色体易位
chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carrier,ASC 慢性无症状HBsAg携带者
chronic rejection 慢性排斥反应
cirrhotic stage 硬化期
cis-acting control sequence 顺式作用控制序列
clonorchiasis sinensis 华支睾吸虫病
coding region 编码区
congenital liver injury syndrome,CLIS 先天性肝损害综合症
conjugated bile acid 结合胆汁酸
conjugation reaction 结合反应
consensus IFN,CIFN 复合干扰素
continuous reaction time, CRT 连续反应时间
covalently closed circular DNA,cccDNA 共价闭合环状DNA
CT cholangiography,CTC CT胆管造影
cyst 囊,孢囊,胞囊,囊肿,包囊
cytochrome 细胞色素
degree 程度分度
deoxycholic acid,DCA 脱氧胆酸
dermatan 皮肤素
detoxication 解毒作用
direct bilirubin 直接胆红素,结合胆红素
direct cholangiography,DC 直接胆管造影(术)
disappearing intrahepatic bile duct syndrome 肝内胆管消失综合症
DNA demethylation DNA脱甲基化
double filtration plasmapheresis,DFPP 双重过滤血浆分离置换
drug induced liver disease 药物性肝病
ductular proliferation stage 小胆管增生期
echinococcosis alveolaris 泡球蚴病
echinococcosis granulosus 细粒棘球蚴病
echinococcosis 棘球蚴病,包虫病
echinococcus multilocularis 多房棘球绦虫
elevated liver enzyme 肝酶升高
emperipolesis 伸入运动
end of treatment response,ETR 治疗终点反应
end of treatment virus response,ETVR 终末病毒应答
endogenous ribonuclease 核糖核酸内切酶
endoscopic esophageal varix ligation,EVL 内镜下食道静脉曲张套扎术
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP 内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术
endoscopic variceal sclerosis,EVS 静脉曲张经内窥镜硬化剂(疗法)
entactin 内功素
entamoeba dispar 共栖型阿米巴
entamoeba histolytica 溶组织内阿米巴
enterovirus 肠道病毒
evoked potential,EP 诱发电位
extraction efficiency 萃取效率,肝廓清除率
false neurotransmitter 假性神经递质
fat storing cell,FSC 储脂细胞，Ito细胞
feathery degeneration 羽毛状变性
flapping tremor 扑翼样震颤
flow-limited drugs 流速限定性药物
fluorescent antibody blocking assay 荧光抗体阻断试验
focal nodular hyperplasia 灶性结节性增生
forward flow theory 前向血流学说
free bile acid 游离胆汁酸
free fatty acid, FFA 游离脂酸
functional signal peptide 功能性信号肽
galactokinase 半乳糖激酶
galactose elimination capacity,GE 半乳糖消除能力
galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase,GALT 1-磷酸半乳糖尿苷酸转移酶
galactosemia 半乳糖血(症)
gallbladder bile 胆囊胆汁
gaucher's disease 高歇(氏)病:家族性脾性贫血
gene amplification 基因扩增
glucagon 胰高血糖素
glucocerebrosidase 葡糖脑苷脂酶,葡萄糖脑苷脂酶
gluconeogenesis 糖异生
glucuronyl transferase 葡萄糖醛酰基转移酶,葡糖醛酸基转移酶
glutamate dehydrogenase,GDH 谷氨酸脱氢酶
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT, AST 谷-草转氨酶
glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT, ALT 谷-丙转氨酶
glutathion 谷胱甘肽
glycochenodeoxycholic acid 甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸,鹅脱氧胆酰甘氨酸
glycocholic acid 甘胆酸,甘氨胆酸
glycogen storage disease,GSD 糖原贮积病,糖原病
glycogenosis 糖原病
golgi complex 高尔基复合体
grading 分级
hamartoma 错构瘤,迷生瘤
helicase 螺旋酶
hemeoxygenase 血红素氧化酶
hemochromatosis 血色素沉着(症),血色病
hemofiltration,HF 血液滤过
hemolytic jaundice 溶血性黄疸
hemoperfusion,HP 血液灌流
heparan sulphate 硫酸乙酰肝素
hepatic bile 肝胆汁
hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma 肝上皮样血管内皮瘤
hepatic hydrothorax 肝性胸膜(腔)积水
hepatic large granular lymphocyte 肝内大颗粒淋巴细胞，隐窝细胞
hepatitis associated antigen,HAA 肝炎相关抗原
hepatitis B immune globulin,HBIG 乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白
hepatocellular adenoma 肝细胞腺瘤
hepatocellular jaundice 肝细胞性黄疸
hering canal 赫令管
hydatid disease 囊虫病,棘球蚴病,包囊虫病,棘球囊病
hyperacute hepatic failure,HAHF 超急性肝衰竭
idiosyncrasy 特异体质
indirect bilirubin 间接胆红素
initiating codon 起始密码子
in-situ hybridization 原位杂交
integrin 整合素
intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM 细胞间粘附分子
intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma 肝内胆管癌
intrahepatic cholestasis 肝内胆汁淤积
intravenous cholangiography,IVC 静脉注射胆管造影术
isoenzyme 同工酶
jaundice occult 隐性黄疸
lactate dehydrogenase,LDH 乳酸脱氢酶
lactulose 乳果糖
late onset hepatic failure, LOHF 迟发性肝衰竭
lecithin cholesterol acyltranserase,LCAT 卵磷脂(磷脂酰胆碱)胆固醇酰基转移酶
leucine aminopeptidase,LAP 亮氨酸氨基肽酶
Limulus test 鲎试验
lipocyte 储脂细胞
lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖
lipoprotein 脂蛋白
lipoprotein-X 脂蛋白X
lithocholic acid 石胆酸
liver acinus 肝腺泡
liver angiosarcoma 肝血管肉瘤
liver embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 肝胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤
liver puncture biopsy 肝穿剌活检
liver steatosis and fatty liver 脂肪肝
low platelet count,LP 血小板计数减少
mactose 麦芽糖
massive hepatic necrosis 广泛性肝坏死,大块肝坏死
mesobilinogen 中胆色素原
microscopic cholangitis 显微镜下胆管炎
micro-vesicular fat accumulation 微滴性脂肪浸润
minimal hepatitis 轻微肝炎
mitochondria 线粒体
monoamine oxidase,MAO 单胺氧化酶
myofibroblastic-like cell,MFLC 成肌纤维细胞样细胞
neonatal cholestasis 新生儿期胆汁郁积
neuron-specific enolase,NSE 神经元特异性烯醇酶
nitric oxide,NO 一氧化氮
noncoding region 非编码区
number connection test,NCT 数字连接试验
obstructive jaundice 阻塞性黄疸,梗阻性黄疸
occult HBV infection 隐匿性HBV感染
octapressin 苯赖加压素,苯赖增压素[血管收缩药]
old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素
oligoadenylate synthetase 寡腺甙酸合成酶
oncogene 原癌基因
open reading frame,ORF 可译框架,阅读框架,开放读码框架
ornipressin 鸟氨酸加压素[血管收缩药]
overfilling theory 学说过度充盈
paraneoplastic syndrome 伴癌综合征
peliosis hepatis 紫癜样肝病
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC 经皮肝穿刺胆道造影术
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA 经皮腔内血管成形术
percutaneous transluminal stent angioplasty,PTS 经皮血管腔内支架置入术
perinatal hemochromatosis 围产期血色素沉着
peripheral cholangiocarcinoma 外周胆管癌
perisinusoidal space 窦周隙
phospholipase 磷脂酶
phospholipidosis 磷脂质病
physiologic cholestasis 生理性胆汁郁积
pit cell 隐窝细胞
plasma absorption 血浆吸附
platelet activating factor,PAF 血小板激活因子
point mutation 点突变
portal area 门管区
portal lobule 门管小叶
portal trial 门三联管
portosystemic encephalopathy 门脉体循环脑病
precursor protein 前体蛋白
pregenomic mRNA 前基因组mRNA
primary bile acid 一级胆酸
primary billary cirrhosis,PBC 原发性胆汁性肝硬变
primary graft failure,PGF 原发性移植物无功能
prolidase,PLD 氨酰基脯氨酸(二肽)酶
proline hydroxylase,PH 脯氨酸羟化酶
promotor or enhancer insertion 启动子或增强子插入
proof-reading enzyme 校正读码酶
prostacyclin 前列环素
proteoglycan 蛋白多糖,粘蛋白
proto-oncogene 原癌基因
pseudo cirrhosis 假性肝硬化
purified protein derivative,PPD 纯化蛋白衍生物
quantitative liver function test 定量肝功能试验
recombinant immunobloting assay,RIBA 重组体免疫印迹分析
recombinant plasmid 重组质粒
reduced glutathion 还原型谷胱甘肽
refractory ascites 顽固性腹水,难治性腹水
relaxed circular DNA,rcDNA 松弛环状DNA
rendu-osler weber disease 遗传性毛细血管扩张症
repeated antigenomic molecule 重复抗基因分子
restrictive fragment length polymorphism,RFLP 限制性内切酶多型性
reverse cholesterol transport,RCT 胆固醇逆向转运
ribosome 核糖体
ribozyme 核酶
rolling circle mechanism 滚环机制(环状DNA复制的机理)
rough endoplasmic reticulum 粗面内质网，RER
scarring stage 瘢痕形成期
Sea-blue histiocytosis 海蓝组织细胞增多症
secondary bile acid 次级胆酸
sense strand 正链,有义链
sepsis associated cholestasis 败血症相关胆汁淤积
serum-ascites albumin gradient,SAAG 腹水白蛋白浓度梯度
silent mutation 沉默突变,无效应突变,无效突变,同义突变
smooth endoplasmic reticulum 滑面内质网，SER
smooth muscle actin, SMA 平滑肌动蛋白
somatomedin 生长介素,生长调节素,促生长因子
somatosensory evoked potential,SEEP 躯体感觉诱发电位
somatostatin,SS 生长抑素
Southern blot hybridization Southern印迹杂交
split liver transplantation,SLT 劈离式肝移植
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,SBP 自发性细菌性腹膜炎
spontaneous bacteriemia 自发性菌血症
staging 疾病分期
starch 淀粉
stercobilin 粪胆素
subacute hepatic failure,SHF 亚急性肝衰竭
subclinical hepatic encephalopathy 亚临床肝性脑病
subfulminant hepatic failure, SFHF 亚暴发性肝衰竭
submassive hepatic necrosis 次广泛性肝坏死
superoxide dismutase,SOD 超氧化物歧化酶
sustained virus response,SVR 持续病毒应答
syncytial giant-cell hepatitis 融合巨细胞性肝炎
systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS 全身炎症反应综合症
taurochenodeoxycholate acid 牛磺鹅(去氧)胆酸盐,牛磺鹅(脱氧)胆酸盐
taurocholic acid 牛(磺)胆酸
thromboxane 血栓素
tocopherol 生育酚,维生素E
trans-activation 反式激活
transfusion transmitted virus,TTV 输血传染的病毒
trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS 经颈静脉肝内门腔分流
trophozoite 滋养体
tuberculosis of liver 肝结核
tumor suppressor gene 抑癌基因
unconjugated bilirubin 游离胆红素,非结合胆红素
underfilling theory 充盈不足学说
undifferentiated liver sarcoma 肝未分化肉瘤
undulin 粗纤维调节素
uridine diphosphate-4-epimerase 二磷酸尿苷异构酶
urobilin 尿胆素
urobilinogen 尿胆素原
vanishing bile duct syndrome 胆管消失综合征
visual evoked potential,VEP 视觉诱发电位
Wechsler adult intelligence scale,WAIS 韦克斯勒成人智力测验
window phase 窗口期
world transplant center directory,WTCD 全球移植中心名录
xanthelasma 黄斑瘤
xanthoma 脂肪性纤维瘤,黄色瘤
γ-glutamyl transferase,GGT γ-谷氨酰转移酶
